Screw piles



G. GRIMAUD Oct. 11, 1966 SCREW PILES 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 28,1963 INVENTOR G. GRIMAUD Oct. 11, 1966 SCREW PILES 6 Sheets-Sheet 5Filed June 28, 1963 INVENTOR @a5 zw f/f @3H/Mia@ BY @05M w l v ATT N EYSOct. 11, 1966 G. GRIMAUD 3,277,958

SCREW PILES Filed June 28, 1965 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 /Qyjzg @.d AQ/8 V//i lj f2 aZZ @as r//f @fw/wmp G. GRIMAUD oct. 11, 1966V SCREW PILES 6Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 28, 1963 VVQVV INVENTOR @05719/42- Gla/M40@ iM figa/M fr ORNEYS Oct. 11, 1966 G. GRIMAUD 3,277,966

SCREW PILES Filed June 2a, 1965 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 n INVENTOR 634/5 r/y//'@fw/#Ma United States Patent O 3,277,968 SCREW PILES Gustave Grimaud,Fontenay-le-Comte (Vendee), France,

assigner to Marc Wood Societe Anonyme pour la Promotion des EchangesTechniques Internationaux, Paris,

France, a company of France Filed .lune 28, 1963, Ser. No. 291,410 8Claims. (Cl. 173-163) This invention relates to screw piles, and moreparticularly it concerns improvements in screw piles of the type formedof concrete, either precast or cast in situ, and which are adapted to bedriven into the earth by the application of a driving torque to providea stable footing or foundation for building structures of various forms.

The use of foundation piling in the form of elongated posts or columnsdriven into the earth is almost universally employed by the buildingindustry to support a structure on earth or above water or in othersituations where solid foundation material is not available. Theconventional technique used in the placing of such piling historicallyhas involved some form of impact force applied to the upper end of thepiling to drive the piling into the soil. The difiiculties associatedwith such techniques are manifold. For example, the time required todrive the piling into the ground by using an impact tool is not onlygreat when conditions are ideal, but is increased substantially due tobreakage of the piling or other damage which causes considerableinterruption in the driving procedure. Of perhaps more significance,however, is the danger to surrounding structures due to vibrationsdeveloped as a result of the extreme shock developed with impacttechnique. This factor is particularly a problem in crowded areas, suchas in cities, where new buildings are often Constructed immediatelyadjacent to existing structures. Often, the problem is so great thatextreme measures must be taken to protect the adjacent buildingstructures from damage due to the pile driving operation.

In some areas, the problems associated with the impact technique in piledriving have been overcome by the use of screw piles. Such piles areprovided with external threads arranged to draw the pile into the earthupon rotation thereof by torque applied at ground level. While thisapproach lhas many advantages over the impact techniques of the typereferred to above, screw piles as well as the methods and equipmentheretofore available have not been employed without difficulty. One ofthe principal problems experienced with screw piles has been as a resultof unsatisfactory threads by which the pile is drawn into the ground.Specifically, inadequate facility has been afforded in screw pilesheretofore available for compressing the earth at the vicinity of thebottom tip of the pile together with an eflicient thread by which thepiling may be drawn into the earth without requiring extremely powerfuldrive means. Also, difficulty has been experienced particularly whereconcrete piling is used due to the lack of proper reinforcement towithstand the torque required to rotate the threaded piling.

In accordance with the present invention, a pile is provided having anelongated prismatic body portion and a tapered lower point with externalthreads of constant pitch so that as the point enters the ground itcompresses the earth to provide a bore. In addition, the constantlypitched threads assume that each yturn of the threads follows inprecisely the same path as the preceding turn. In this way, maximumthread efficiency is obtainable. The piling of the present invention isparticularly suitable for use with concrete, either precast with thethreaded portions molded therein, or cast in situ. In this latterapplication, a shoe having threads as above described is first driveninto the ground to compress the earth and form a 3,277,968 Patented Oct.1l, 1966 bore. The shoe is then removed by reverse rotation. teelreinforcement and concrete are thereafter placed in the bore so formed.Where precast concrete piles in accordance with the present inventionare used, the piles are reinforced by the plurality of longitudinallyextending reinforcing rods or prestressed cables positioned in cage-likefashion about the cross-section of the piling. To provide adequatereinforcement against stresses due to the rotational torque appliedduring installation, additional rods are applied in helical fashionabout the longitudinally extending reinforcement rods. In addition,placement ofthe pilings in accordance with the present invention may befacilitated by use of an improved water jet method and as well, by aunique apparatus having wrench flats compleinenting `the shape of thepile driving portion and adapted to accommodate any length of pilingdesired without requiring an extremely high supporting tower or derrick.

Accordingly, a principal object of the present invention is to providean improved screw pile and method for its placement by which theproblems heretofore encountered with the use of screw piles areeffectively and substantially overcome.

Another object of this invention is the provision of a screw pile havinga highly effective and unique thread arrangement adapted to be formed atleast on the lower end thereof.

A further object of this invention is the provision of a screw typeconcrete piling having an improved thread sec` tion of the type referredto in combination with a body portion of elongated prismaticconfiguration to facilitate placement of the piling by an apparatuswhich may remain relatively stationary as the pile placing procedureprogresses.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a concretepiling of the type referred to with a novel arrangement of steelreinforcement so that not only is the pile capable of sustainingvertical loads, but also the pile is not susceptible to damage under thehigh torque stresses imposed thereon during placement.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an improvedmethod of placing concrete piles.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide concrete piles of thetype referred to which may be furnished in sections of differentcongurations and assembled in the field with a minimum of effort.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a novel drivingapparatus for piles of the type referred to.

Other objects and further scope of applicability of the presentinvention will become apparent from the detailed description givenhereinafter taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings whereinlike reference numerals designate like parts and in which:

FIG. l is a fragmentary elevation in partial cross section showing oneform of pile in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross section taken on line 2-2 of FIG. l;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the jetting fluid couplingdevice of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary elevation illustrating in detail theimproved screw threads used with the pile illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged elevation illustrating a form of bit useable withthe pile of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an elevation illustrating another form of bit useable with thepile of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an elevation showing the steel reinforcement for the concretepile of this invention applied with the bit shown in FIG. 6

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary elevation showing a multi-stage piling formed inaccordance with the present invention;

FIGS. 9-12 illustrate schematically successive stages of forming a castin situ concrete piling in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a front ele-vation illustrating the improved driving table ofthe present invention; and

FIG. 14 is a cross-section taken on line 14-14 of FIG. 13.

Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2 thereof,a precast concrete piling in accordance with this invention is shown toinclude a threaded lower portion generally designated at and anelongated prismatic body portion 11 which in the form shown is ofcontinuous -octagonal cross-section. The octagonal crosssection of thebody portion 11 provides a plurality of wrench fiats 12 to facilitatedriving of the pile in a manner to be described more fully hereinafter.In the specific form illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a central passage inthe form of a pipe 13 extends from an enlarged counter bore 14 at theupper end of the body portion 11 to a nozzle 15 extending in thisinstance from the central portion of a steel bit 16 fixed to the lowerend of the threaded portion 10. The nozzle 15 is provided with jetorifices 17 for the emission of jetting fluid introduced to the pipe 13during the placement of the pile in non-plastic soils where considerableresistance to driving is incurred. Also, where consolidation of loosesoil such as sand and gravel is desired at the base of the pile, thenozzle 15 may be employed to inject a cement or grouting into the soil,the consolidting grouting cement being indicated in FIG. 1 at 18.

To facilitate the introduction of fluid to the pipe 13 either duringdriving of the pile for jetting purposes or after the pile is placed forconsolidation of loose soil near the base of the pile, 'an expansibleconnector 19 is adapted to be fitted to the walls of the counter bore14. A pipe 20 extends upwardly from the connector 19 to a swivel joint22, in turn connected to a branched conduit 23 which may be either inthe form of a flexible hose or in some instances a rigid pipe. Onebranch 24 of the conduit 23 having a valve 25 is connected to the outlet26 of a pump Z7 having an inlet 28 for the introduction of water forjetting purposes or grouting for soil consolidation as above indicated.Another branch 29 having a valve 30 is connected to a source ofcompressed air such as an air compressor 31. Hence, either water, air,grouting or a mixture of these fluids can be introduced to the pipe 13and ejected or emitted through the orifices 17 in the nozzle 15 asdesired. The use of compressed air, regardless of the uid fed to theinlet 28 of the pump 27, facilitates the development of high jettingpressures for effective operation.

The structure of the coupling device is more completely illustrated inFIG. 3 of the drawings. As shown, the coupling device 19 includes anexpansible, tubular mandrel 32 of resilient material such as rubberabutting at opposite ends upper and lower washers 33 and 34,respectively. The lower washer 34 is supported by a lianged bushing 35secured to the lower end of the pipe 20 such as by welding or the like.The upper Washer 33 is engaged by a sleeve 36 positioned about the pipe20 and arranged to be moved axially with respect to the pipe 20 by awing nut 37 engaging threads 38 provided on the pipe 20. Thus, when thesleeve 36 is moved downwardly against the Washer 33 and resilientmandrel 32 by manipulating the wing nut 37, the mandrel is compressedbetween the upper and lower washers 33 and 34 respectively to expand itradially into firm and sealing contact with the walls of the counterbore 14. Conversely, by unthreading the wing nut 37 the mandrel willreturn to its original shape and move out of engagement with the counterbore walls to facilitate removal of the coupling from the pile.

A more complete understanding of the threaded portion 10 may be had byreference to FIG. 4 of the drawings. As shown, the threaded portion 10of the piling is provided with an upper cylindrical portion 39 having athread tip diameter D1 and a thread root diameter d1, the latterpreferably being at least as large as the largest diameter of theprismatic body portion 11 of the piling. A lower cylindrical portion 40is provided having a thread tip diameter D2 and a thread root diameterd2. The upper and lower sections 39 and 40 are joined by a taperedthreaded portion 41 whereas the portion extending from the lowercylindrical portion 40 to the tip is constituted by a tapered bit 42. Inthe form illustrated, two thread flights 43 and 44 are superimposed onthe section 10 and the actual distance between each flight turndesignated by the letter a. Hence, the pitch of the threads 43 and 44 istwice that of the distance designated a, or 2a. From experience, it hasbeen found that an extremely effective pitch for the threads is a pitchequal to 1.8 times the diameter of piling used, or 1.8 times the rootdiameter d1. it will be noted that the pitch remains the same throughoutthe thread section 10 but due to the generally tapered configurationthereof, the thread slope as indicated by lines r1, s2, s3, s4 and S5increases with respect to horizontal as the thread flights extend fromtop to bottom of the section 10. Also, it will be noted that the rootportions of the threads are generally rounded to prevent theaccumulation of material on the threads as the piling is driven into theground.

Th-e bit 42 may be formed either of concrete or of cast steel andpreferably is fixed to the reinforcing rods in the piling prior to themolding of the threaded portion 10 and prismatic body portion 11. Inthis manner, the bit is firmly attached to the remainder of the piling.Moreover, the bit 42 may be equipped with a jetting fluid nozzle 15 asshown in FIG. 5, or may be formed without such a nozzle, as shown inFIG. 6.

The novel reinforcement for the precast concrete pile in accordance withthis invention is shown in FIG. 7 taken in conjunction with FIG. 2. Asshown, a plurality of longitudinally extending reinforcing bars orcables 45 extend from anchors 46 in the form shown embedded in a bit 42and terminate at their upper ends 4at a steel plate 48. The -rods orcables `45 are preferably welded or otherwise suitably anchored to theplate 48, and it is preferred that the rods be strained in tension priorto placement of the concrete thereabout to effect a prestressedconstruction. In some situations, however, ordinary reinforcing rods maybe employed.

To reinforce the pile against the torque loads applied thereto duringdriving, helically arranged reinforcing rods 50 are placed about thelongitudinally extending rods or cables 45. It will be noted that thepitch of the helical rods 50 is opposite to that of the threads 43 and44 so that as driving torque is applied from a point above the threadedportion 10, the torque forces applied during driving result in tensileloading of the helical rods 50. In order to prevent the tendency of therods 50 to collapse upon tensile loading under the torque applied to thepile during driving, particularly where a hollow core pile is employed,the pitch of the helical rods 50 should be small as possible in keepingwithin practical limits. While the pitch will vary with the size of thepiling, it is preferred that the slope of the helical rods be maintainedon the order of 45 from the vertical or more. In this manner, excessivecompression will not be developed in the central portion of the pile.

A more complete understanding of the function served by the terminalplate 48 will be had by reference to FIG. 8 of the drawings. In someapplications, particularly where extremely long piles are employed, thethrust developed by the threaded portion 10 at the lower end of thepiling alone is insufficient to draw the pile into the earth. Thereforeit may be desirable in these situations to employ additional threadedsections along the length of the prismatic body portion of the piling.To this end, the steel plates 48 function to permit multiple stages ofpiling to be joined together simply by welding in the field. Hence, inFIG. 8 an intermediate threaded portion 52 similar in configuration tothe upper cylindrical section 39 of the portion 10 is interposed betweena pair of prismatic body portions 11 by welding the plates 48 onopposite ends of the intermediate portion to the respective plates onthe body portions 11. Hence, a strong, integral multistage pile isafforded.

A preferred apparatus by which the pla-cement technique in accordancewith this invention is carried out is shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. Theapparatus includes a frame generally designated by the reference numeral60. The frame is provided with an upper U-shaped section 62 and a lowerU-shaped section 64. Each of the sections 62 and 64 has four projectingarms 65 mounting rolle-rs 66 at their outer end for vertical movementalong guides in a derrick or tower (not shown). Between the upper andlower sections 62 and 6-4 is a driving table generally designated by thereference numeral `68. The table includes pairs of upper and lowerretaining collar halves 70 and '72 respectively connec-ted to each otherby bushes 73 and by hinge members 74 to a vertical column or post 76.The post 76 in turn is secured to the rear beam member or base of theU-shaped frame sections 62 and 64 by welded brackets 78. Thus it will beseen that the collar halves may be hinged between open and closedpositions. To retain them in a closed position clevis lock means 79 isprovided to connect the sides thereof opposite from the hinge members74.

Positioned between the collar halves 70 and 72 is a rotatable wrench inthe form of gear halves 80 and 82 retained in place between the collarsby annular projections 83 slidably engage-able with the inner surface ofthe collar halves. The central portion of the gear halves is formedhaving wrench flats 816 shaped to complement the flats 12 on the pilebody portion 11. Hence, it will be understood that rotation of the gearhalves 80 and 82 as confined by the latched collar halves as an integralturntable or wrench will be effective to transmit torque to the pileformed in accordance with the present invention and shown, for example,in FlGS. 1 and 2.

To develop driving torque, the apparatus is equipped, in the form shown,with a power mechanism including a hydraulic pump 88 for deliveringhydraulic iiuid through lines 90 under the control of a valve 91 to apair of hydraulic motors 92 and 94 which, in turn, drive pinion gears 96and 98 respectively positioned on diametrically opposite sides of thetable `618. The pinion gears mesh with the gear halves -80 and 82 toimpart rotation thereto. While only two pinion gears are shown, three orm-ore could be used. It is important that the gea-rs be symmetricallydisposed so that the radial thrust developed by the gears is balanced.

The operation of the apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14 as well asthe method of placing the piles in accordance with this invention maynow be understood. In practice, .the apparatus is raised to a suitableheight on a derrick to support the length of the piling in a verticalposition. When the turntable 68 is at the desired height, the lock 79 isreleased and the collar halves 70 and 72 spread apart to enable .thebody portion 12 of the piling to be received against the wrench flats86. Power is delivered to the table by way of the hydraulic pump 88 andmotors 92 and 94 to impart rotation to the piling and to the threadedsection at the bottom thereof. As the rotation continues, the pilingwill be drawn into the ground rapidly by an amount substantially equalto the length of pitch in the thread iiights 42 and 43 for each rotationof the piling. Since the pitch of the thread iiights is the samethroughout their length, each turn of the threads will follow in thesame path established by the preceding thread turn. In this manner,there will be no binding or other loss of efficiency as the piling isthreaded into the ground. Although operation of the apparatus of thisinvention is described with reference to placement of screw piles, itwill be appreciated that it may also be used to drive other screw piledevices such as for example, threaded tubes or removable bore formingdevices used to provide a vertical chamber for concrete in the formationof in situ concrete piles.

A method of placing cast in situ piles in accordance with the presentinvention is depicted in FIGS. 9 through 12. As shown in F-IG. 9, themethod involves first driving a tube 100 having a threaded portion 102of a. configuration substantially the same as the threaded portion 10shown in IFIIG. 4, for example. Here, however, a shoe 104 is removablysupported at the lower end of the tube 100. After the desired depth hasbeen achieved, the shoe is retrieved or withdrawn from the tube 100.Thereafter, an internal tube 106 as shown in FIGS. 10 through 12,together with reinforcing members 110 are inserted within the tube 100.The inner tube 106 is provided with a removable footplate 112 which maybe removed merely by applying pressure thereto by the reinforcing rods110 while the tube 1018- is being held stationary. After the plate 112is removed as shown in FIG. 11, concrete or grouting 114 is fed to theinner tube and discharged into the shaped bore into the ground. Theinner tube 106 is vibrated during this step to consolidate the concreteinto the reverse helix formed into the ground and also to prevent theconcrete from sticking to the sides of the tube. As the concrete isbeing fed in this manner, a reverse rota- -tion is imparted to both theinner tube 106 and the outer tube 100 to thread both tubes upwardly andout of the ground. The pile left in place is, therefore, provided with acont-inuous helix on the outside therof which increases considerably4the bearing capacity of the pile. Moreover, the amount of reinforcementrequired in a cast in situ pile does not require the amount ofreinforcement required in precast piling piles because the concrete isnot subjected to torsional load.

' Thus, it will be seen that by this invention there is provided anextremely effective screw pile together with an improved and uniqueapparatus and technique for placement of the pile. As demonstratedabove, numerous speciiic embodiments of the present invention arepossible without departing from the true spirit and scope thereof andaccordingly it is to be understood that the foregoing description isillustrative of preferred forms only, not limiting, and that the truescope of the present invention is to be determined by reference to theappended claims.

The invention claimed is:

1. Apparatus for driving screw pile devices having an elongatedprismatic body portion, said apparatus comprising a frame adapted to becarried by a support, said frame having an unobstructed opening on oneside thereof, a driving table including at least two laterally separableparts, means for supporting said driving table on said frame, saidsupport means including hinge means connected to ea-ch of said laterallyseparable parts and positioned thereon oppositely to said frame opening,latch means for securing said parts together at a point opposite fromsaid hinge means, rotatable wrench means carried by said driving tableand adapted to engage the pile device body portion along the lengththereof, and means for rotating said wrench means and therebytransmitting driving torque to the pile device.

2. The apparatus recited in claim 1 in which said wrench means includesa pair of rotatable gear halves and wherein said rotating means includesdriven pinion gears in mesh with said gear halves.

3. The apparatus recited in claim 2 including a plurality of said piniongears symmetrically disposed about and simultaneously in mesh with saidgear halves.

4. Apparatus for driving a screw pile device having an elongatedprismatic body portion, said apparatus comprising a frame adapted to becarried by a support, said frame including a pair of vertically spaced,U-shaped sections to provide an unobstructed opening on one side of saidframe, a driving table including at least two laterally separable parts,means for supporting said driving table on said frame between saidU-shaped sections, said support means including hinge means connected toeach of said laterally separable parts and positioned thereon oppositelyto said frame opening, latch means for securing said parts together at apoint opposite from said hinge means, rotatable wrench means carried bysaid driving table and adapted to engage the pile device body portionalong the length thereof, and means for rotating said wrench means andthereby transmitting driving torque to the pile device.

5. Apparatus for driving a screw pile device having an elongatedprismatic body portion, sa-id apparatus comprising a frame including apair of vertically spaced, generally horizontally disposed U-shapedsections to provide an unobstructed opening on one side of said frame,eac'h of said sections including a plurality of radially projecting armsfor supporting said frame during operation, means interconnecting saidU-shaped sections including a vertical post connected to the side ofsaid U-shaped members opposite from said unobstructed opening, a drivingtable including at least two laterally separable parts, means forsupporting said driving table on said frame, said support meansincluding hinge means journalled on said post and connected to each ofsaid laterally separable parts, latch means for securing said partstogether at a point opposite from said hinge means, rotatable Wrenchmeans carried by said driving table and adapted to engage the piledevice body portion along the length thereof, and means for rotatingsaid wrench means and thereby transmitting driving torque to the piledevice.

6. Apparatus for driving screw pile devices having an elongatedprismatic body portion, said apparatus comprising a frame adapted to becarried by a support, said frame including means defining anunobstructed opening on one,

side thereof, a driving table including at least two laterally separableparts, means for supporting said driving table on said frame, saidsupport means including hinge means connec-ted to each of said laterallyseparable parts and positoned thereon oppositely to said frame opening,latch means for securing said parts together at a point opposite fromsaid hinge means, rotatable Wrench means carried by said driving tableand adapted to engage the pile device body portion alongthe lengththereof, and hydraulic means for rotating said wrench means, saidhydraulic means including a pump carried by said frame, a hydraulicmotor on each of said laterally separable parts, means drivinglyconnecting said hydraulic mot-ors to said wrench means, and conduitmeans for supplying hydraulic fluid from said pump to said hydraulicmotors, said conduit means including a cont-rol valve for regulating theoperation of said hydraulic motors.

7. Apparatus for driving screw pile devices having an elongatedprismatic body portion, said apparatus comprising a frame adapted to becarried by a support, said frame having an unobstructed opening on oneside thereof, a driving table including at least two laterally separableparts, each of said laterally separable parts having a portion of a gearintegrally provided thereon, means for supporting said driving table onsaid frame, said support means including hinge means connected to eachof said laterally separable parts and positioned thereon oppositely tosaid frame opening, latch means for securing said parts together at apoint opposite from said hinge means, rotatable wrench means carried bysaid driving table and adapted to engage the pile device body portionalong the length thereof, and gear means in mesh with said gear portionsof said laterally separable parts for rotating said wrench means andthereby transmitting driving torque to the pile device.

`8. The apparatus recited in claim 7 wherein said gear means iscomprised of a plurality of gears symmetrically disposed about saiddriving table, said plurality of gears engaging said gear portionssimultaneously.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,070,862 8/1913Vernon-In-kpen 61-56 1,479,165 1/1924 Zilen 173-164 1,628,363 5/1927Harris et al 173-164 1,799,918 4/1931 Marsden 173-145 1,848,339 3/1932Geiger 61-56 1,920,617 8/1933 Young et al 294-90 1,979,547 11/1934 Hood(y1-53.64 2,334,312 11/ 1943 Caldwell 173-164 2,684,166 7/1954 Jarnett294-88 2,920,455 1/ 1960 Ryser et al 61-53.64 2,956,782 10/1960 Mistrot173-147 2,963,274 12/1960 Failing 173-147 3,092,181 6/1963 Alexander173-163 3,144,085 8/1964 Hasha 173-164 FOREIGN PATENTS 552,576 4/ 1943Great Britain.

FRED C. MATTERN, JR., Primary Examiner.

JACOB SHAPI-RO, JAC'OB'L. NACKENO'FF, B'ROUGHTON G. DURHAM, Examiners.

L. P. KESSLER, Assistant Examiner.

1. APPARATUS FOR DRIVING SCREW PILE DEVICES HAVING AN ELONGATEDPRISMATIC BODY PORTION, SAID APPARATUS COMPRISING A FRAME ADAPTED TO BECARRIED BY A SUPPORT, SAID FRAME HAVING AN UNOBSTRUCTED OPENING ON ONESIDE THEREOF, A DRIVING TABLE INCLUDING AT LEAST TWO LATERALLY SEPARABLEPARTS, MEANS FOR SUPPORTING SAID DRIVING TABLE ON SAID FRAME, SAIDSUPPORT MEANS INCLUDING HINGE MEANS CONNECTED TO EACH OF SAID LATERALLYSEPARABLE PARTS AND POSITIONED THEREON OPPOSITELY TO SAID FRAME OPENING,LATCH MEANS FOR SECURING SAID PARTS TOGETHER AT A POINT OPPOSITE FROMSAID HINGE MEANS, ROTATABLE WRENCH MEANS CARRIED BY SAID DRIVING TABLEAND ADAPTED TO ENGAGE THE PILE DEVICE BODY PORTION ALONG THE LENGTHTHEREOF, AND MEANS FOR ROTATING SAID WRENCH MEANS AND THEREBYTRANSMITTING DRIVING TORQUE TO THE PILE DEVICE.